I go to the port very early in the morning because I have assumed that the colour of my skin will make the procedure of crossing any border, leaving any port or taking off from any airport in the DRC more boring, stressing and annoying than usual. I am expecting anything.
After a boring, stressing and annoying procedure (I was right) I get onto the Mugote boat and I sit to wait for my colleagues from AFEM. Jolly Kamuntu makes it just before the boat leaves… I am already chewing the strips of my backpack, without her I am lost. She confesses that she has called to the port to say she was late; they know her. Who wouldn´t? She is on of the reporters of “the community radio” of the province… in a province where media means radio and community radio means that the people have the right to speak.
While we are crossing the Lake Kivu in this amazingly stable boat Jolly and Kiza (from AFEM-Uvira) explain to me a litte bit about the women of Idwji and the programme for the following days. We are offered some cheese, bread and drinks and while I am thinking about the life in the huge island of Idwji I am wondering why are these Congolese so (randomly) quiet….and I realise that they are actually very concentrated on the TV, that shows (only shows because there is no volume -surrealistic Congo-) how Sally Field is trying to escape with her daughter in the streets of Teheran… Congo has the endless capacity to surprise me.
I decide to go out and enjoy the views…. we make it to Idwji some hours later. The car driver of Manvu hospital is waiting for us (it is the “ambulance” but as there are only three or four cars on the island he drives around all the time picking people up… in fact, on our way back we are: the journalists, a priest, two nuns, a very ill girl who gave birth two days ago and must have a sort of infection, her husband, two other women, a chicken and at least 35 pineapples). We drive through the villages and hills of southern Idwji Island til we make it to the parish of Kasofo, where we will be hosted.
There are three priests in this huge catholic parish: Abbé Francois, Abbé Rogatien and Abbé Gustave. They are great, wellcoming and very well educated, so they are an amazing source of valuable information about the life of the islanders. Apart from the ministerial activities (mess and sacraments) they run: a guesthouse and a mixed boarding school. The parrish is one of the centres of the social life in the area and the morning mess (6.30 a.m) is quite an interesting experience (drums, singing, dancing…).
During the following days I discover that Idwji is a strange paradise (the only territory of South Kivu with no armed groups and insecurity) where all tropical fruits (and anything) grow. The peoples are humble and wellcoming, the landscapes are breathtaking, it is never hot due to its hight and there are no mosquitos… the poverty, the lack of education and the absence of drinking water make of Idwji a complicated eden where you can eat as much pineapple as you want.
I just came back to Bukavu and so soon I have been confronted with the terrible reality. Everyone in the office is discussing about it… another journalist has been murdered in Bukavu. Koko Chirambize, a 24-year-old reporter of Radio Star was stabbed to death on Saturday night, when he was coming back from a wedding. The reason of his murder is not clear yet, there are some that say that it is just a result of Bukavu´s insecurity situation and the growing criminality; others say that he was reporting about very touchy issues… let´s hope to learn the truth about it at some point.
In any case, he is the third journalist to be murdered in Bukavu in the last two years: Serge Mahese, a human rights activist and journalist of Radio Okapi was gunned down on the 13th of June of 2007; Didace Namujimbo, also from Radio Okapi was killed by a shot to the head on the 21st of November of 2008; and, Koko Cjirambize, stabbed on saturday on his way home.
Today the journalists of Bukavu are in mourning and I ask to myself… when will this all end? When will the journalists be able to do their job without risking their lives every single day? It is so unfair and stupid, this country needs freedom of speech to keep growing and to reach a peaceful coexistence… is it so hard to understand?
Acabo de volver a Bukavu y me he encontrado con la realidad de frente. Todo el mundo en la oficina está hablando de ello… han asesinado a otro periodista en Bukavu. Koko Chirambize, un periodista de 24 años, reportero de Radio Star, fue acuchillado hasta la muerte el sábado por la noche, cuando volvía de una boda. El motivo del asesinato es desconocido, algunos afirman que es sólo el reflejo de la inseguridad de la ciudad y de la creciente criminalidad y otros creen que había informado sobre cuestiones delicadas que puedes haber herido sensibilidades… en todo caso, esperamos conocer la verdad en algún punto.
Este es el tercer periodista asesinado en Bukavu en os últimos años: Serge Mahese, activista de los derechos humanos y periodista de Radio Okapi, fue tiroteado el 13th de Junio de 2007; Didace Namujimbo, también reportero de Radio Okapi fue asesinado por un tiro en la cabeza el 21 de Noviembre de 2008; y, Koko Chirambize el sábado pasado.
Hoy, los periodistas de la ciudad están en duelo. Y me pregunto ¿cuándo acabrá todo esto?¿cuándo podrán los periodistas congoleños trabajar sin arriesgar sus vidas cada día?. Es injusto y estúpido, este país necesita la libertad de expresión para crecer y para vivir en paz… ¿es tan difícil de entender?
Para obtener una información detallada, he adjuntado una serie de links en la versión en inglés.
Joelle Nyarwaya is 22. She was born in Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Zaire) but when she was very young she moved with her family to Rwanda, where his father worked as a nurse for Medecins sans Frontières. The situation of the small African country in the early nineties was critical, years of inestability and violence had caused a humanitarian crisis and the poverty of the population was outrageous. In 1994, during the Genocide, Joelle was evacuated to the Congo with her family, along with many Congolese citizens that lived in Rwanda.
Back in Congo, she had trouble at school because she was a very timid and she was not fluent in Kiswahili. She was then encouraged to join the “Children Parliament of Sud Kivu”, an organization that gathered different kids from the province to reflect, discuss and speak about children´s rights and about the problems of children in the region: children soldiers, orphans, children prostitutes, victims of violence, ect.
During these years she developed a huge empathy and communication skills. She early discoverd her calling: giving voice to the voiceless. She was elected as spokesperson of the parliament and she carried on with this activity until she was chosen to join the team of children journalists in Centre Lokole (Search for Common Ground) in 2003.
This is how she became a “child journalist” and she joined the team of“Sisi watoto” (We, the children), the radio show of the NGO Search for Common Ground. In this radio show, they addressed different problems of the children in the DRC. For the children, made by children. She worked for this project for some years, until she was 20.
By then, Joelle had acquired a very solid training in journalism, so she was hired in the South Kivu Women´s Media Association (AFEM-SK).Since then she has been a member of the permanent staff and she is one of the three women journalists in charge of the production of monographic radio shows on women´s rights, good governance, peacebuilding and gender based sexual violence
The current situation of the women in the Congolese province of South Kivu is difficult: the sexual violence continues and thousands of victims are unattended. The hard work of women activists is far from recognized, the number of women in politics is very low and the representation of the women in the media is poor, but far from disencouraged, she firmly believes that they are operating a radical change in the region.
She thinks that just the fact of being present, speaking about women´s stories and letting the voice of the women be heard is already something. It is inspiring to listen to hear… so young and so strong. She believes that giving her voice to people that don´t have access to the media makes her and them more free.
She is leaving Kalehe on a new mission, one of the territories of Sud Kivu… attacks to civilians, insecurity in the roads, military control… but there is not a shade of fear or doubt in her eyes.
En español: “Me siento libre cuando le doy voz a los sinvoz”
Joelle Nyarwaya tiene 22 años. Nació en la República Democrática del Congo (entonces Zaire) pero cuando era pequeña se fue a vivir con su familia a Ruanda, donde su padre trabajaba como enfermero con Médicos sin Fronteras. La situación del pequeño país africano a principios de los 90 era crítica, los años de inestabilidad y violencia había creado una aguda crisis humanitaria y la pobreza era tenaz. En 1994, durante el Genocidio, Joelle fue evacuada y volvió al Congo con su familia.
De vuelta en el Congo, tuvo problemas en el colegio porque era una niña muy tímida y no hablaba bien el suajili. Fue entonces cuando la animaron a participar en el Parlamento de los Niños de Sud Kivu, una organización que reunía a niños de diferentes zonas de la provincia con el fin de reflexionar, aprender y fomentar los derechos de la infancia; en este proyecto trabajaban especialmente los derechos de niños en dificultad: niños soldados, huérfanos, niños de la calle, niñas prostitutas, víctimas de violencia, ect.
Durante estos años Joelle desarrolló una gran empatía y habilidades sociales y de comunicación, descubriendo muy precozmente su vocación: dar voz a los sinvoz. Así, fue elegida somo portavoz del parlamento y continuó siéndolo hasta 2003, año en el que fue seleccionada para formar parte de un proyecto de niños periodistas en el Centre Lokole (Search for Common Ground).
Se convirtió en una “joven periodista” del equipo del programa “Sisi watoto” (Nosotros los niños), el programa de radio de ONG Search for Common Ground. En este programa abordaban diferentes problemas de los niños en la RDC; un programa para niños, hecho por niños. Trabajó durante años en este proyecto, hasta que cumplió los 20 años.
Para entonces, Joelle había adquirido una sólida formación como periodista y fue contratada por la Association de Femmes de Médias de Sud Kivu (AFEM-SK). Desde entonces es parte del equipo y su cometido es producir programas de radio monográficos sobre los derechos de la mujer, el buen gobierno, la construcción de paz y la violencia sexual.
La situación actual de las mujeres en la provincia congoleña de Sud Kivu es difícil: la violencia sexual continúa y hay muchas víctimas que no han recibido asistencia. El trabajo de las activistas no se reconoce en las políticas ni en las mesas de negociación de paz, la participación de las mujeres en la política es baja; la representación de las mujeres en los medios es pobre, tanto como sujeto de la información como productoras de información… pero lejos de rendirse ella cree que verdaderamente están generando un cambio en su provincia. Cree que el mero hecho de que las mujeres estén presentes en los medios, contando historias sobre mujeresy dándoles voz es mucho y supone un cambio radical.
Es emocionante escucharla…tan joven y tan fuerte. Afirma que dando voz a aquellos que no tienen acceso a los medios le hace más libre. Está preparando su viaje a terreno, marcha a Kalehe, uno de los territorios de Sud Kivu… ataques a civiles, inseguridad en las carreteras, control militar… y ni una sombra de duda o de miedo en sus ojos.
In the last weeks I have had the chance to discover, feeling admiration some days and grief many others, the multiple faces of the gargantuan fight against sexual violence in Sud Kivu.
It is a struggle against time.
David against Goliath
Aid workers, development gurus, UN experts, nuns, mothers, civilians, journalists, ex-combatants, Hollywood actors, politicians, embassadors and doctors, between others, have arrived to the majestic lands of the Sud Kivu to find the right questions and the right answers about the endless horror of the sexual violence… a phenomena of incomprehensible nature, so hideous and dark, so painfully familiar and public.
In the Sud Kivu there is no room for definitions but for realities; here we find visages for all the reports, books, articles, discussions, conversations and seminars that we have read and heard. The reality exceeds the technical approaches, so we decide to migrate and to travel to the human approaches, where the biggest strength is hosted. When you meet someone who is comitted with the cause, like the journalists of AFEM you breath hope, but you guess that a very hard work has to be done today, and tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow. The interventions of the local and international organizations adress different aspects of the problem of sexual violence, covering all the scope from prevention and sensibilization to assistance and prosecution.
We can not forget that the violence is not linear nor spheric, so we assist to multiple violences that are produced at many levels and have multiple consequences. The common factor is the result of phisical and psychological harm of a woman. The roots and causes of the systematic violence against women in Eastern Congo are also many, but we have to point out: the effectiviness of the use of sexual violence as a war strategy, the traditional discrimination of women in the Congolese society and the regime of impunity at all levels.
The silence of the international community and the great heed of many international actors (companies, countries, foundations, etc) have made possible the continuity of a war-like situation well after the Peace Treaties of the Second War of the Congo (2003) and the democratic process (2006). One of the deadliest consequences of widespread violence is the estimated figure of 1.000.000 of victims of gender based sexual violence in the DRC.
One million women have been raped, tortured, enslaved, forced to pregnancy and obliged to take part in the economy of war. Any of these attacks against women cause them unthinkable emotional suffering caused by the phisical violence and the injustice that it implies. But do we even think about the other damages?
What about the mortality, the health problems and the sexually transmitted illnesses in a country where the health system is almost non-existent or unaffordable?Or the psychological trauma? And the social problems such as the repudation or the shame? Who would consider the subsequent economic problems for herself, her family and the whole Congolese society (the women are the main economic actors of the country)? And did we revise the degradation the social capital and the cultural transmission? What about the “damn” children born as a result of the sexual attack?
And the outcome of the sum of all is stronger marginalizing of women from the peacebuilding processes and the political life.
…As I said, a hard work. But with a huge hope…
See Madame Chouchou Namegabe, the coordinato of AFEM-SK, speaking about the problem of sexual violence in Eastern DRC in th U.S Senate:
En español: LUCHA CONTRA LA VIOLENCIA SEXUAL: TRABAJO DURO, GRAN ESPERANZA
En las últimas semanas he tenido la oportunidad de descubrir, algunos días con admiración y otros con profunda deseperación, las múltiples caras de la colosal batalla que se libra contra la violencia sexual en Sud Kivu.
Es una lucha contra el timpo.
David contra Goliat.
Cooperantes, gurús del desarrollo, development gurus, expertos de la ONU, monjas, madres, civiles, periodistas, ex-combatientes, actores de Hollywood, políticos, embajadores y médicos, entre otros, han llegado a estas exuberantes tierras de Sud Kivu para encontrar las preguntas adecuadas y las respuestas correctas sobre este horror sin fin de la violencia sxual… un fenómeno de naturaleza incomprensible, tan atroz y oscuro, tan dolorasamente conocido, familiar y público.
En Sud Kivu no caben las definiciones, sólo las realidades; aquí están las caras de los informes, libros, artículos científicos, congresos, mesas redondas y seminarios que hemos leído y oído. La realidad, como siempre, supera cualquier aproximación técnica y científica, así que decidimos emigrar y viajamos hasta el lado humano, donde se aloja la mayor fortaleza. Cuando conoces a alguienque está comprometido con la causa, como las periodistas de AFEM, respiras ezperanza, pero sabes que queda un trabajo muy duro por hacer, hoy, y mañana, y pasadomañana. Las intervenciones de las organizaciones locales e internacionales abordan diferentes aspectos del problema de la violencia sexual, cubriendo todos el abanico desde la prevención y la sensibilización a la asistencia y la persecución.
No podemos olvidar que la violencia no es lineal ni esférica, así, asistimos a una miríada de violencias que se producen a múltiples niveles y tienen muchas consecuencias. El común denominador es el resultado de daño físico y psícológico a la mujer. Las raíces y las causas de esta violencias sistemática contra mujeres n el Este del Congo son también muchas, pero podemos apuntar por su relevancia: la eficacia del uso de la violencia sexual como estrategia de guerra, la tradicional discriminación de las mujeres en la sociedad congoleña y el regimen de impunidad a todos los niveles.
El silencio de la comunidad internacional y el cuidado minucioso de muchos actores internacionales (multinacionales, países, fundaciones, etc) ha hecho possible la continuidad de una situación de violencia con el rostro de una guerra muchos después de los Tratados de Paz (2003) y el proceso de democratización (2006). Uno de los conflictos más sangrientos del mundo en el que una de las consecuencias más atroces es la cifra estimada de 1.000.000 of víctimas de violencia sexual en la República Democrática del Congo.
Un millón de mujeres han sido violadas, torturadas, esclavizadas, forzadas a quedar embarazadas u obligadas a participar en la economía de la guerra. Cualquiera de estos ataques causan daños inimaginables, no sólo a nivel emocional. ¿Pero nos hemos parado a pensar en qué otros prejuicios se generan?
¿Qué hay de la mortandad, los problemas de salud, as enfermedades de transmisión sexual en un país en el ¿O el trauma?¿O los problemas sociales como el repudio y la verguenza? ¿Quién consideraría los problemas económicospara la mujer, su familia y toda la sociedad (las mujeres son los principales agentes económicos del país)? ¿Y la degradación del capital social y los nodos de transmission cultural? ¿Qué pasa con los “hijos malditos” que nacen como resultado de los abusos?
Y rizando el rizo, el resultado de la suma de todos estos perjuicios es una marginalización aún más acusada de la mujer en el preceso de reconstrucción posbélica y la vida política en general.
…como he dicho, queda un trabajo muy duro por hacer. Pero con mucha esperanza…
Después de la versión en inglés del post podéis ver a Chouchou Namegabe, la coordinadora de AFEM-SK, hablando sobre el problema de la violencia sexual en RDC en una audiencia en el senado de USA.
One of the greatest things of working with AFEM-SK is that you get to know all the journalists in town, so I have been invited to see how the different media centres work. I have my first stop in one of the most important radio stations of Sud Kivu and an outstading example of community radio: Radio Maendeleo.
Radio Maendeleo is one of the boldest examples of local comunity radios comitted with peacebuilding and social justice. It has been extensively analized so I will not go on with the data and the complex analysis but I will write about my impressions. If you want to know more about Radio Maendeleo you should check the brief report that International Media Support (IMS) wrote about it: www.i-m-s.dk/files/publications/
Radio Maendeleo reaches the whole Sud Kivu, the Nord Kivu and areas of Rwanda and Burundi. It was created in 1993 and since then it has been working almost non-stop for the last sixteen years (it was closed for two years during wartime). Currently they have 24/7 broadcasting and a big and crazy staff (they are working right next to me and I tell you, they are crying, dancing and singing at the same time, 100% Congolese!). Their programmes are very sorted, they have music, news, radio operas, religious songs, a space for International radio exchange (Radio Nederlands produces and they broadcast) and a space for three local NGOs that work with media to promote justice and Human Rights and fight against sexual violences (the case of La Benevolencija, AFEM and Search for Common Ground), between many other things.
I would like to point out three very interesting aspects of this radio apart from the very important role that they play in the promotion of peace: the communitarian dimension, the use of local languages and the participation of women. Radio Maendeleo was initially created as a service for a troubled community, to create bonds and promote reconciliation and since then it has worked with “participatory media approach”.
The people report and participate to tell the story, so they overcome the power gap that appears in the other media: they have a scheduled fringe for Radio Clubs (clubs of local audiences); they have a space in the newsroom for the clubs to prepare the news and discuss with the journalists; they train rural women and men in basic journastic competences so they can collect and record data in remote places so they report about about violence outbreaks in their villages, etc.
The use of local languages is obliged in community radios as many of the audiences/participants speak only their local language; in this case, the emissions from the newsrooms are broadcasted in kiswahili and french and the informations created by the audiences are produced in kifulero, kishi, etc.
The participation of women is another important aspect of Radio Maendeleo that brings about different perspectives, worries, approaches and solutions, but I will not go on about this because this is another post! So, let me invite you to Radio Mandeleo, check it in:
http://www.radiomaendeleo.org/
En español: Radio Maendeleo: un ejemplo de radio comunitaria
Una de las mejores cosas de trabajar con AFEM-SK es que conoces a casi todos los periodistas de la ciudad que te invitan a conocer sus redacciones. Mi primera parada es Radio Maendeleo, una de las radios más importantes de Sud Kivu y un trabajo magnífico como medio comunitaria.
Radio Maendeleo es un ejemplo de radio comunitaria comprometida con la construcción de paz y la justicia social. Ha sido analizada en profundidad por lo que no me voy a centrar en datos ni análisis complejo sino que voy a contar mis impresiones. Para conocer un poco más acerca de Radio Maendeleo podéis leer el informe de International Media Support (IMS) en: www.i-m-s.dk/files/publications/
Radio Maendelo se oye en todo Sud Kivu, el Nord Kivu y en ciertas áreas de Ruanda y Burundi. Fue creada en 1993 y desde entonces ha estado abierta prácticamente sin descanso (fue cerrada durante dos años durante la guerra). A día de hoy emiten 24 horas al día durante toda la semana y las emisiones están a cargo de un equipo de redacción grande y extravagante (estoy en la sala de redacción y mientras trabajan están gritando, cantando y bailando, ¡100% Congoleño!). La programación es variada ya que tienen tiempo de emisión musical, informativos, radionovelas, música religiosa, un espacio para emisiones de otras radios internacionales (por ejemplo, Radio Nederlands produce y ellos difunden) y un espacio para las organizaciones locales que trabajan con los medios para promover la justicia y los Derechos Humanosy luchar contra la violencia sexual: La Benevolencija, AFEM y Search for Common Ground, entre otros.
Me gustaría apuntar tres aspectos muy interesantes de esta estación de radio, al margen del ya destacado rol que juega en la promoción de la paz: la dimensión comunitaria, el uso de lenguas locales y la participación de mujeres.
Radio Maendeleo fue creada como un servicio para una situación turbulenta con el fin de reconstruir vínculos rotos y promover la reconciliación y desde entonces ha trabajado con una dimensión de “medios participativos”.
En esta radio los oyentes y los miembros de la comunidad pueden participar en la producción para contar sus historias, superando la distancia habitual entre el periodista y el oyente. Así, en Radio Maendeleo han reservado una franja horaria para los Radio Clubs (grupos locales de oyentes), han previsto un espacio en su redacción para que los miembros de los Radio Clubs puedan reunirse con los periodistas y discutir las noticias. Regularmente lanzan cursos de formación para habitantes del medio rural con el fin de que éstos desarrollen unas destrezas periodísticas básicas y así puedan informar de brotes de violencia en su aldea o zona, siendo ésta una herramienta muy eficaz de alerta temprana. Por otro lado, el uso de lenguas locales es obligado cuando se trata de radio comunitaria, ya que en muchas ocasiones el público solo habla su lengua o dialecto local. En este caso, las informaciones de la redacción se elaboran en frencés y suajili, pero toda la información de los oyentes se emite en otras lenguas de la provincia: kisi, kifulero, etc.
La participación de las mujeres es otro aspecto importante del día a día de Radio Maendeleo ya que trae otras perspectivas, preocupaciones, miradas y soluciones a la redacción; pese a que es un tema pasionante no seguiré por aquí ya que tendremos tiempo de comentarlo en futuras entradas, por ahora, permitidme invitaros a la redacción virtual de Radio Mandeleo:
It took me a long time, but I made it. I am happily settled in Bukavu getting started with my work with AFEM-SK (the association of women of the media of South Kivu), with whom I will finally be working this summer.
I had to stop in four countries, drive through two other countries and undertake the (sadly too often) complicated situation of passing the border six times but it was worth it because I met three charming gentlemen, Walter and Ned, Peace Fellows of the DR Congo and Isidord, their housemate. They came to pick me up to Bujumbura and since then we had long conversations about the Congo, the national health system in the U.S, Haiti, Spanish food and many other issues; we shared food, walks in the Lac Tanganyka, we saw hippos and finally, they helped me to find my way to Bukavu… It´s been such a great trip because their eyes are wide open, the are ready to understand and speak out; their work in Uvira is very interesting as they are supporting local organisations that work against gender based sexual violence in very difficult conditions, exposed to danger in a great manner and developping an emotionally hard work.
Right now, I am sitting in a desk in the bureau that AFEM-SK has in the city centre; here, they meet, they develop their projects, they prepare their materials before broadcasting and they get ready for the interventions that they will adress thoughout the whole province of the Sud Kivu. For the last four years they have been working on research and awareness-raising in the different regions of the province of Sud Kivu. They have been interviewing victims of sexual violence in order to understand the scale of the impact of sexual violence and they have produced numerous radio shows including the testimonies of victims and the opinions of experts and members of the civil society of Bukavu with the purpose of having an effective reponse from the local and national authorities.
Bukavu, a massive and messy city located in the unique scene of the Lake Kivu shores, is somehow charming. I really can not complain at all, because I am living in a lovely house on the Lake shore with great views of the mountains, the city and the MONUC boats! Work wise it is also very easy because the girls of AFEM are very talented and courageous, surprinsingly young, very prepared and very loud. In the next weeks we will be writing a project to apply fo funding to continue with the work of advocacy because the situation of women and the problem of sexual violence is far from solved. As the journalists of AFEM-SK report, the last figures speak about more than one million of victims of rape and other kinds of gender based sexual violence in the DRC; in Sud Kivu the attacks to civilians and the sexual harrassment to women continues, intensifying the under-reported humanitarian crisis of Eastern Congo. The women of AFEM have “broken the silence” with their campaigns but there is still a dense silence of the international media… so here we are, we have come to shout loud!
In 2006 Elisa García-Mingo graduated with a MA in Media Studies from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain). In 2008, she graduated with a MA of Peace and Conflict Studies from the Universidad de Deusto (Bilbao, Spain). In September 2007 she became a PhD candidate of the European Doctoral Programme on International and Intercultural Studies, also at the University of Deusto (Bilbao, Spain). Between March 2008 and March 2009 she has been a visiting researcher in the Peace Studies Group in the CES (Center for Social Studies) of University of Coimbra (Portugal).
During all these years she has conducted researches on the representation of African conflicts in the European Press, the Peace Communication option, the Role and features of the Women Journalists activism in Peacebuilding and the use of communication and advocacy in political action agaisnt violence and injustice. In the meanwhile, she has volunteered in differnt non-profits such as Scouts, Amnesty International and a local nature preservation foundation. Read more...
